Search results for "Zeroth law of thermodynamics"
showing 4 items of 4 documents
QSAR Modeling ANTI-HIV-1 Activities by Optimization of Correlation Weights of Local Graph Invariants
2004
Results of using descriptors calculated with the correlation weights (CWs) of local graph invariants for modeling of anti-HIV-1 potencies of two groups of reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors are reported. Presence of different chemical elements in molecular structure of the inhibitors and the presence of Morgan extended connectivity values of zeroth-, first- and second order have been examined as local graph invariants in the labeled hydrogen-filled graphs. By Monte Carlo method optimization procedure, values of the CWs which produce as large values as possible of correlation coefficient between the numerical data on the anti-HIV-1 potencies and values of the descriptors on the training s…
Basic Notions of the Theory of Heat
2016
This chapter summarizes some basic notions of thermodynamics and defines the empirical variables which are needed for the description of thermodynamic systems in equilibrium. Empirical temperature and several scales used to measure temperature are defined. The so-called “zeroth law of thermodynamics” is formulated which says that systems which are in mutual equilibrium have the same temperature. Thermodynamic ensembles corresponding to different macroscopic boundary conditions are introduced and are illustrated by simple models such as the ideal gas. Also, entropy appears on the scene for a first time, both in its statistical and its thermodynamical interpretation. Gibb’s fundamental form i…
On the renormalization of ultraviolet divergences in the inflationary angular power spectrum
2015
We revise the role of ultraviolet divergences of cosmological observables and the corresponding renormalization from a space-time perspective. We employ the two-point function of primordial perturbations generated during inflation to derive an analytic expression for the multipole coefficients Cl in the Sachs-Wolfe regime. We analyzethe ultraviolet behaviorand stress the fact that the standard result in the literature is equivalent to a renormalization of the two-point function at zeroth adiabatic order. We also argue that renormalization at second adiabatic order seems to be more appropriate from a physical point of view. This may change significantly the predictions for Cl, while maintain…
Charm quark mass with calibrated uncertainty
2016
We determine the charm quark mass ${\hat m}_c({\hat m}_c)$ from QCD sum rules of moments of the vector current correlator calculated in perturbative QCD. Only experimental data for the charm resonances below the continuum threshold are needed in our approach, while the continuum contribution is determined by requiring self-consistency between various sum rules, including the one for the zeroth moment. Existing data from the continuum region can then be used to bound the theoretical error. Our result is ${\hat m}_c({\hat m}_c) = 1272 \pm 8$ MeV for $\hat\alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1182$. Special attention is given to the question how to quantify and justify the uncertainty.